Entrepreneur-entrepreneurs-entrepreneurship: who’s currently measuring what?
(a partial list, specifically excluding Journal articles)
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM): national entrepreneurial; activity assessment—nascent and new entrepreneurs, existing businesses, and dynamism (Global Entrepreneurship Research Association)
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research program is an annual assessment of the national level of entrepreneurial activity. Started as a partnership between London Business School and Babson College, it was initiated in 1999 with 10 countries, expanded to 21 in the year 2000, with 29 countries in 2001 and 37 countries in 2002. GEM 2007 conducted research in42 countries. The research program, based on a harmonized assessment of the level of national entrepreneurial activity for all participating countries, involves exploration of the role of entrepreneurship in national economic growth. Systematic differences continue, with few highly entrepreneurial countries reflecting low economic growth. There is, further, a wealth of national features and characteristics associated with entrepreneurial activity. Those new to the research program will find global comparisons, national reports, and special topic reports based on the annual data collection cycle. This material can be downloaded after a few simple items of personal background are provided. Over 120 scholars and researchers are actively participating in the GEM project; those with user names and passwords will have access to the interview schedules, data collection procedures, and other details required for systematic analysis. In 2005 the National Teams, London Business School and Babson College as a consortium, established an independent, not-for-profit company called the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA) to oversee the operations of GEM. GERA now owns the GEM brand.
Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity: rate of business creation (EM Kauffman Foundation)
http://www.kauffman.org/research-and-policy/kauffman-index-of-entrepreneurial-activity-2007.aspx
The Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity is a leading indicator of new business creation in the United States. Capturing new business owners in their first month of significant business activity, this measureprovides the earliest documentation of new business development across the country. Analysis of matched monthly data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) allows for comparisons of the percentage of the adult,non-business-owner population that starts a business over time. In addition to this overall rate of entrepreneurial activity, separate estimates for specific demographic groups, states, and select metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) are presented. The Index provides the only national measure of business creation by specific demographic groups. New 2007 CPS data allow for an update to previous reports, with consideration of trends in the rates of entrepreneurial activity over the twelve-year period between 1996 and 2007. While the entrepreneurial activityrate has remained roughly consistent over the past decade, the Kauffman Index reveals important shifts in the demographic and geographic composition of new entrepreneurs across the country.
Development Report Card for the States: entrepreneurial energy sub-measure—new companies, change in new companies, job growth due to new business, technology industry employment, IPOs (CFED, formerly, Corporation for Enterprise Development)
http://www.cfed.org/focus.m?parentid=34&siteid=2346&id=2346
Twenty years ago, CFED created the Development Report Card for the States to put forth a simple but radical notion: economies are fundamentally about people. Healthy economies offer greater opportunities for everyone. They should provide economic livelihoods, financial security, and an environment of opportunity for the people who live there. State and local economic development efforts should foster creativity, productivity, and inclusion. In the 1980s, “economic development” was frequently viewed as primarily about companies. This outlook was further popularized by the many tools available that compared states’ “business friendliness.” While these ratings captured some important points, they often emphasized “low cost” instead of “high value.” The cheapest locations—those with low taxes and wages—got the best grades. These tools encouraged policies to weaken regulation, even if that regulation protected things like the environment and worker safety. An area’s good business rating could be damaged if workers were paid wages and provided benefits that were sufficient for their needs, even when public incentives were provided to their employers. In 1987, the Development Report Card for the States offered a different way to assess state economies and a different way to think about economic development. It continues to do so in 2007. Measuring the standard of living and working in a state and how well the state is building foundations for future growth is just as important as how hospitable that state is to businesses.
The State New Economy Index: economic dynamism sub-measures—gazelle jobs, job churning, IPOs (Information Technology and Innovation Foundation and EM Kauffman Foundation)
http://www.kauffman.org/Details.aspx?id=5812
In a report sponsored by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, ITIF employs 29 indicators to assess the extent to which the 50 state economies are structured according to the tenets of the New Economy. The changing economic landscape requires state economies to be innovative, globally-linked, entrepreneurial and dynamic, with an educated workforce and all sectors embracing the use of information technology. The report, which updates and expands on the State New Economy Index reports from 2002 and 2007, ranks the states accordingly. The five states ranking the highest in 2008 are, in order of rank, Massachusetts, Washington, Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey. With these measures as a frame of reference, the report outlines the next generation of innovative state-level public policies needed to meet the challenges of the New Economy, improve state competitiveness and boost incomes of all Americans. Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is a non-partisan research and educational institute – a think tank – whose mission is to formulate and promote public policies to advance technological innovation and productivity internationally, in Washington, and in the states. Recognizing the vital role of technology in ensuring American prosperity, ITIF focuses on innovation, productivity, and digital economy issues.
Maine Innovation Index: Capacity in R&D, Innovation, Employment, Education and Connectivity (Office of Innovation, Maine Department of Economic and Community Development)
http://www.maineinnovation.com/mie/default.asp
Maine’s Innovation Index 2008 is a compilation of 25 indicators measuring Maine’s economic capacity and progress toward competing in an innovation-driven economy. The indicators are organized into five categories representing key components of an innovation-based economy: Research and Development Capacity; Innovation Capacity; Employment & Output Capacity; Education Capacity; Connectivity Capacity. It is prepared under the direction of the.
Michigan Entrepreneurship Scorecard: Entrepreneurial Change, Vitality and Climate: growth in small businesses and payrolls, University spin-offs, SBIR awards, financial capacity, etc. (Small Business Foundation of Michigan)
http://www.sbam.org/content.php?id=914
The Score Card has been developed for four consecutive years by the Small Business Foundation of Michigan (SBFM). It serves as a guide to how the Michigan entrepreneurial economy stacks up relative to other states.
Regional Asset Indicators: Innovation, The Creative Workforce, Human Amenities, Infrastructure, Wealth, Financial, Underemployment, Entrepreneurship (Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank)
http://www.kansascityfed.org/home/subwebnav.cfm?level=3&theID=9602&SubWeb=10658
The regional asset indicator project provides forward-looking metrics that regions can use to better understand their economic assets and to help inform private, public, and nonprofit regional development strategies.These metrics may also be of use to researchers who explore regional attributes and growth.Indicators for each category will be posted to the web as they become available.
The Innovation-Entrepreneurship NEXUS: A National Assessment of Entrepreneurship and Regional Economic Growth and Development: New firm activity and regional economic assessments (SBA Office of Advocacy and Edward Lowe Foundation)
http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/rs256tot.pdf
The connection between innovation and entrepreneurship as drivers of local economic development is often discussed but not often studied. This 2005 research addresses the needs of local policymakers to understand the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in creating an environment where local economic growth can thrive.
Hot Spots for Entrepreneurs: Sustained business formation and rapid growth (National Policy Research Council and entrepreneur.com)
http://www.entrepreneur.com/bestcities
National Policy Research Council uses its Entrepreneurial Activity Index to measure the best places to start and grow a company. The index is made up of two parts, each dedicated to measuring a key aspect of entrepreneurship:businessformation and business growth. To measure business formation, researchers identify the percentage of businesses that were started four to 14 years ago and that employ five or more workers today. (Researchers ignore newer firms because it takes several years for new businesses to appear in national databases.) To determine growth, researchers measure the percentage of those young businesses that have experienced rapid growth over the past four years. An area must have a large number of young businesses and be able to support their growth to achieve a high overall score. The National Policy Research Council is a Washington, D.C.-based organization offering non-partisan research, analysis, andinformationto state and local policymakers.
Rewriting the Location Rulebook: Proximity to university, diverse mix of culture and recreation, strong business start up and growth support (Business Week Online)
http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/jul2005/sb20050712_752167.htm
Business Week’s 2005 “Special Report: Best Cities for Entrepreneurs” documents how a new breed of entrepreneur is bypassing big cities in favor of smaller towns, which are doing their best to make newcomers feel at home. The lead article and eight that follow provide insights and case studies of this trend.
Entrepreneur and Small Business Community Metrics Tool: home-based and small businesses, SBA loans, licenses and permits issued (RUPRI)
http://www.energizingentrepreneurs.org/content/chapter_7/tools/1_000210.pdf
A set of sample metrics to help in the collection of quantitative data about a community’s entrepreneurship development programs. RUPRI’s Energizing Entrepreneurs program offers a host of additional tools – designed primarily for community development practitioners’ use in supporting community entrepreneurship. The entire collection can be accessed at http://www.energizingentrepreneurs.org/content/cr.php?id=4&sel=4.
Creating Entrepreneurial Communities: Facts About High-Growth Entrepreneurs in Rural North Carolina: Firm-owner “portrait” surveys—owner characteristics and attitudes, business profiles, future outlook (North Carolina Rural Development Center)
http://www.ncruralcenter.org/pubs/comm_demo_report.pdf
A 2006 study from the North Carolina Rural Center provides an update on ten community-based projects designed to nurture entrepreneurship in the state’s smaller towns. In 2004, the state provided grants for a variety of innovative demonstration projects. For example, in North Carolina’s coastal Carteret County, the program supported training for entrepreneurs with interest in boat-building or aquaculture. In Surry County (northwest North Carolina), local leaders sought to expand on the region’s legacy of local crafts people and an emerging wine industry. Overall, the pilot projects were quite successful—they helped create 49 new businesses and 75 jobs in very rural parts of the state. The report details these accomplishments, and offers a set of useful “lessons learned” for effective rural entrepreneurship strategies.
Business Opportunities for Women: How 100 markets ranked: Statistics on the prevalence and impact of woman-owned businesses on cities across the US.
http://www.bizjournals.com/specials/pages/103.html
A Bizjournals study used a nine-part formula to identify the markets that offer women the best business opportunities, both as entrepreneurs and employees. (Click here for the study's methodology.) The study focused on the nation's 100 largest metropolitan areas, which had 195.5 million residents as of mid-2006, accounting for 65 percent of the nation's total population. These areas included 4.5 million businesses owned by women, 69 percent of the national total
