When is the best time to late-summer seed alfalfa? Seeding alfalfa during late summer can result in vigorous and productive forage stands if proper establishment practices are followed. As a rule of thumb, these seedings should be made six to eight weeks before the first killing frost. This means that August 1-10 would be ideal for most years in East Central Wisconsin. Seeding too early increases the risk for hot, dry conditions during germination and seedling development. However, if moisture and field conditions are optimum during late-July, I wouldn't hesitate to begin. Seeding alfalfa too late in the summer will not give plants enough time to develop adequate root and top growth before winter. In most years, it's advisable to keep your seed in the bag after September 1st. What weed control measures are needed for summer-seeded alfalfa? There is no need to use a companion crop or PPI herbicide for weed control. Weed pressure is not as intense during this time of the year compared to early spring. Additionally, warmer soil temperatures result in more vigorous development of the crop. Companion crops are never recommended for summer seedings because they compete too strongly for available soil moisture. Post-directed herbicides remain an option if weeds become too competitive; however, remember that the first frost will kill most annual weeds. It's still important to control perennial weeds, such as quackgrass, before seeding the alfalfa. Occasionally there is a need to control volunteer wheat where alfalfa seedings follow a winter wheat harvest. This can easily be done using one of several herbicide options that are selective for grass species. How is seeding alfalfa in summer different than spring? As with spring seedings, it is important to know your soil test levels before seeding and make any necessary fertilizer and lime applications. A firm seedbed is a must for late-summer seedings. A loose, fluffy seedbed can spell disaster. Consider rolling or cultipacking both before and after seeding to improve seed-soil contact and to conserve soil moisture. Generally, no adjustment is needed from recommended spring seeding rates. No-till late summer forage establishment can be successful if proper seeding equipment is used and seedling competition from weeds is eliminated using an approved herbicide.
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