Grazing intake yields and palatability of cool-season grasses as tested in University of Wisconsin field trials, 1996 to present
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ORCHARDGRASS		HYBRID RYEGRASS
SMOOTH BROMEGRASS		PERENNIAL RYEGRASS
TALL FESCUE		KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS
TIMOTHY		REED CANARYGRASS
FESTULOLIUM
ORCHARDGRASS	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Total	Total	Palatabilityb	Relative	Relative
	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Period 5	Period 6	Intake	Intake		Intake	Palatability
	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	tons/acre	average	to Average	to Average
	season intakea	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	Trial Mean			Total Intake	Palatability
ALBERT	28	28	35	9	.	.	107	1.86	3.1	85%	100%
ALPINE	37	8	20	15	14	6	106	1.93	3.2	88%	103%
AMBROSIA	26	25	17	12	13	8	104	2.04	2.8	93%	90%
ATHOS	25	20	14	15	15	11	99	2.09	2.8	95%	90%
BAR DGL9 BTR-F	24	24	39	13	.	.	109	1.85	3.0	84%	97%
BARIDANA	37	10	17	17	13	7	130	2.30	3.3	105%	106%
BENCHMARK	31	19	16	12	14	8	127	2.49	3.1	113%	100%
BENCHMARK PLUS	28	26	35	11	.	.	105	1.78	3.1	81%	100%
BOUNTY	39	13	11	14	14	9	123	2.59	2.7	118%	87%
CAS-EG23	30	32	15	9	14	.	113	2.20	3.3	100%	106%
CAS-LG38	20	23	44	13	.	.	97	1.66	3.5	75%	113%
CENTURY	31	16	15	13	14	11	123	2.44	2.7	111%	87%
COMMAND	28	25	17	12	12	7	99	1.94	3.0	88%	97%
CONDOR	34	9	17	14	16	9	117	1.98	3.5	90%	113%
DAWN	42	16	13	18	11	.	121	2.71	3.8	123%	123%
DGL N89-A	29	8	17	20	17	10	100	1.51	2.8	69%	90%
DP 6508	11	30	31	17	12	.	103	1.79	3.6	81%	116%
DUKE	39	8	16	13	15	8	122	2.06	3.1	94%	100%
EARLY ARCTIC	28	31	31	9	.	.	122	2.13	3.2	97%	103%
EASTWOOD	28	29	9	16	18	.	101	1.94	3.1	88%	100%
ELSIE	35	22	15	12	16	.	122	2.40	2.8	109%	90%
EXTEND	24	23	20	15	14	5	120	3.11	2.9	141%	94%
HARVESTAR	53	24	9	.	11	2	108	1.75	3.3	80%	106%
HAYMASTER	38	14	12	13	14	8	110	2.31	3.0	105%	97%
HAYMATE	31	28	18	12	12	.	124	2.40	3.3	109%	106%
INTENSIV	28	27	37	8	.	.	117	1.98	3.2	90%	103%
IOWA OG-1	35	8	18	16	15	8	125	2.03	2.3	92%	74%
KAY	30	39	14	9	9	.	113	2.21	3.2	100%	103%
LG-31	24	20	12	17	16	11	98	2.08	2.9	95%	94%
MAMMOTH	36	28	14	9	13	.	122	2.36	2.9	107%	94%
MEGABITE	32	17	14	15	14	8	120	2.30	2.8	105%	90%
MOW TOL GRAY	25	8	18	21	20	7	109	1.66	3.0	75%	97%
OG0203G	29	24	15	17	15	.	150	5.39	2.5	245%	81%
OG9501	24	26	23	17	10	.	135	2.29	3.3	104%	106%
PERSIST	68	9	9	.	11	3	96	1.57	3.5	71%	113%
POTOMAC	27	14	13	24	17	6	112	2.72	2.6	124%	84%
PROFILE	37	26	15	9	13	.	106	2.07	3.1	94%	100%
PROGRESS	31	31	14	10	14	.	109	2.10	3.1	95%	100%
STAMPEDE	22	24	27	17	10	.	122	2.07	3.4	94%	110%
TAKENA	23	26	25	13	12	.	114	2.13	3.7	97%	119%
TEKAPO	24	7	20	17	22	10	104	1.68	2.9	76%	94%
WARRIOR	26	16	19	15	14	8	127	2.29	3.2	104%	103%
Average	31	21	19	14	14	8	114	2.20	3.1
a intake based on difference between before-graze and after-graze pasture plate measurements
bPALAT.=Palatability rating 0=0% grazed, 1=20%, 2=40%, 3=60%, 4=80%, 5=100% grazed.
Palatability of grasses under grazing is determined by visual estimation of percent defoliation of plots.
The visual determination is made midway during mob grazing by beef cows of the grass plots for intake determination.
SMOOTH	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Total	Total	Palatabilityb	Relative	Relative
BROMEGRASS	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Period 5	Period 6	Intake	Intake		Intake	Palatability
	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	tons/acre	average	to Average	to Average
	season intakea	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	Trial Mean			Total Intake	Palatability
ALPHA	39	15	13	15	13	4	101	1.96	3.7	120%	112%
BADGER	33	8	16	23	16	4	110	1.69	3.9	104%	118%
BLIZZARD	16	33	15	24	11	.	129	2.16	3.4	133%	103%
BOUNTY	42	7	14	18	14	5	105	1.73	3.7	106%	112%
BW2	29	9	16	23	19	4	107	1.70	3.5	104%	106%
BW7	27	12	17	21	17	6	100	1.58	3.4	97%	103%
KYBI 9401	62	10	9	15	4	.	86	1.83	2.4	112%	73%
PEAK	31	19	36	14	.	.	86	1.46	3.4	90%	103%
TIKI	38	9	16	18	15	4	105	1.66	2.5	102%	76%
AC SUCCESS*	.	.	44	14	32	10	36	0.71	3.3	44%	100%
PADDOCK**	16	12	15	30	20	7	120	1.41	.	87%	.
Average	33	13	19	20	16	6	99	1.63	3.3
*hybrid bromegrass, **meadow bromegrass
a intake based on difference between before-graze and after-graze pasture plate measurements
bPALAT.=Palatability rating 0=0% grazed, 1=20%, 2=40%, 3=60%, 4=80%, 5=100% grazed.
Palatability of grasses under grazing is determined by visual estimation of percent defoliation of plots.
The visual determination is made midway during mob grazing by beef cows of the grass plots for intake determination.
TALL FESCUE	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Total	Total	Palatabilityb	Relative	Relative
	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Period 5	Period 6	Intake	Intake		Intake	Palatability
	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	tons/acre	average	to Average	to Average
	season intakea	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	Trial Mean			Total Intake	Palatability
ARKPLUS	34	17	12	12	13	11	92	1.91	2.4	107%	109%
BAR FA 689K	29	10	13	17	19	11	86	1.17	1.3	66%	59%
BAR FA 6FRD	39	6	14	14	16	10	84	1.37	2.3	77%	105%
BARCEL	35	16	14	21	15	.	91	2.07	2.5	116%	114%
BAROLLEX	21	29	18	13	19	.	85	1.67	2.4	94%	109%
BE 9301	26	29	29	16	.	.	84	1.42	2.1	80%	95%
BRONSON	18	23	26	16	16	.	85	1.51	2.2	85%	100%
COURTENAY	20	31	22	12	15	.	109	2.13	2.3	120%	105%
EF KY31	39	14	15	17	15	.	95	2.10	2.2	118%	100%
EI KY31	39	12	15	19	14	.	92	2.11	2.4	119%	109%
ENHANCE	33	18	12	13	12	13	93	1.93	2.2	108%	100%
FA BTR1	28	11	17	17	16	12	76	1.21	3.2	68%	145%
FAWN	34	25	14	11	15	.	97	1.92	2.0	108%	91%
K5666V	21	27	35	17	.	.	76	1.28	2.1	72%	95%
KOKANEE	24	31	16	14	15	.	102	2.08	2.0	117%	91%
KORA	19	24	25	17	14	.	108	1.89	1.9	106%	86%
KY 31	28	19	17	12	15	8	90	1.84	2.3	103%	105%
KY-2	42	8	14	14	15	7	104	1.82	2.9	102%	132%
KYFA 9301	43	12	13	19	12	.	97	2.21	2.8	124%	127%
KYFA 9302	36	14	16	19	16	.	101	2.24	1.8	126%	82%
KYTF 2	35	14	16	20	14	.	101	2.27	2.5	128%	114%
MAX Q JESUP	34	27	14	12	14	.	88	1.75	2.3	98%	105%
MAXIMIZE	29	25	15	12	18	.	93	1.88	2.1	106%	95%
MONTENDRE	28	17	13	14	14	14	91	1.91	2.1	107%	95%
SEINE	16	27	25	15	16	.	84	1.48	1.4	83%	64%
SELECT	30	23	18	14	15	.	90	1.76	2.1	99%	95%
STOCKMAN	27	18	15	11	15	14	90	1.77	2.2	99%	100%
TF 33	19	25	26	16	14	.	80	1.43	2.1	80%	95%
BENFESTA*	33	10	14	15	19	10	85	1.35	2.5	76%	114%
Average	30	19	18	15	15	11	91	1.78	2.2	100%	101%
*meadow fescue
a intake based on difference between before-graze and after-graze pasture plate measurements
bPALAT.=Palatability rating 0=0% grazed, 1=20%, 2=40%, 3=60%, 4=80%, 5=100% grazed.
Palatability of grasses under grazing is determined by visual estimation of percent defoliation of plots.
The visual determination is made midway during mob grazing by beef cows of the grass plots for intake determination.
TIMOTHY	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Total	Total	Palatabilityb	Relative	Relative
	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Period 5	Period 6	Intake	Intake		Intake	Palatability
	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	tons/acre	average	to Average	to Average
	season intakea	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	Trial Mean			Total Intake	Palatability
CLAIR	30	13	20	16	15	6	112	1.78	2.5	83%	76%
CLASSIC	30	28	32	10	.	.	107	1.87	3.8	87%	115%
CLIMAX	31	14	16	18	15	7	94	1.58	3.2	74%	97%
COLT	28	13	20	17	15	7	114	1.77	2.7	83%	82%
CREST	31	22	6	18	13	10	91	1.99	3.5	93%	106%
DERBY	39	16	8	16	13	7	92	1.95	3.5	91%	106%
DP 91-3	33	10	16	17	18	7	96	1.55	3.4	72%	103%
ITASCA	19	33	19	17	11	.	122	2.39	2.2	112%	67%
KY EARLY	57	9	14	14	6	.	119	2.89	3.2	135%	97%
RICHMOND	36	37	14	8	6	.	136	2.81	3.4	131%	103%
SUMMIT	27	18	13	13	22	7	99	2.29	3.4	107%	103%
TM9701	25	27	28	12	8	.	104	3.84	3.3	179%	100%
TUNDRA	33	25	33	9	.	.	100	1.70	3.7	79%	112%
TUUKKA	38	27	9	13	13	.	103	1.99	3.3	93%	100%
WINNETOU	20	33	27	13	6	.	102	1.69	4.0	79%	121%
Average	32	22	18	14	12	7	106	2.14	3.3
a intake based on difference between before-graze and after-graze pasture plate measurements
bPALAT.=Palatability rating 0=0% grazed, 1=20%, 2=40%, 3=60%, 4=80%, 5=100% grazed.
Palatability of grasses under grazing is determined by visual estimation of percent defoliation of plots.
The visual determination is made midway during mob grazing by beef cows of the grass plots for intake determination.
FESTULOLIUM	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Total	Total	Palatabilityb	Relative	Relative
	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Period 5	Period 6	Intake	Intake		Intake	Palatability
	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	tons/acre	average	to Average	to Average
	season intakea	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	Trial Mean			Total Intake	Palatability
AGULA	36	35	8	.	12	8	114	1.89	3.3	81%	106%
BONUS	19	36	6	24	11	3	113	3.65	3.1	157%	100%
DUO	22	47	12	8	10	.	89	1.73	3.6	74%	116%
FELINA	20	22	27	18	13	.	96	1.66	2.1	71%	68%
GAIN	19	34	6	25	13	4	107	3.30	3.2	142%	103%
HYKOR	22	22	26	15	14	.	94	1.65	1.7	71%	55%
KEMAL	37	20	9	24	10	.	117	2.59	4.1	111%	132%
MATRIX	25	39	12	.	12	13	78	1.34	3.0	58%	97%
SPRING GREEN	28	28	11	17	15	.	100	2.26	3.1	97%	100%
SPRING GREEN ORGANIC	16	23	9	28	24	.	73	2.67	2.9	115%	94%
TANDEM	42	17	10	17	14	.	124	2.84	3.7	122%	119%
Average	26	29	12	20	13	7	100	2.33	3.1
a intake based on difference between before-graze and after-graze pasture plate measurements
bPALAT.=Palatability rating 0=0% grazed, 1=20%, 2=40%, 3=60%, 4=80%, 5=100% grazed.
Palatability of grasses under grazing is determined by visual estimation of percent defoliation of plots.
The visual determination is made midway during mob grazing by beef cows of the grass plots for intake determination.
HYBRID	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Total	Total	Palatabilityb	Relative	Relative
RYEGRASS	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Period 5	Period 6	Intake	Intake		Intake	Palatability
	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	tons/acre	average	to Average	to Average
	season intakea	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	Trial Mean			Total Intake	Palatability
ABER ECHO	35	37	12	.	8	9	102	1.77	3.5	107%	103%
ABEROSCAR	44	17	20	.	18	.	76	1.40	3.0	85%	88%
BESTFOR PLUS	33	48	9	.	4	6	102	1.79	3.6	108%	106%
Average	37	34	14	#DIV/0!	10	8	93	1.65	3.4
a intake based on difference between before-graze and after-graze pasture plate measurements
bPALAT.=Palatability rating 0=0% grazed, 1=20%, 2=40%, 3=60%, 4=80%, 5=100% grazed.
Palatability of grasses under grazing is determined by visual estimation of percent defoliation of plots.
The visual determination is made midway during mob grazing by beef cows of the grass plots for intake determination.
PERENNIAL	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Total	Total	Palatabilityb	Relative	Relative
RYEGRASS	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Period 5	Period 6	Intake	Intake		Intake	Palatability
	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	tons/acre	average	to Average	to Average
	season intakea	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	Trial Mean			Total Intake	Palatability
96-14	34	19	11	19	16	.	93	1.98	2.8	125%	88%
96-34	27	21	9	33	10	.	88	2.06	3.0	130%	94%
ABER AVON	16	30	14	14	10	16	96	1.36	3.1	86%	97%
ABER CRAIG	16	32	14	16	9	13	88	1.37	3.2	86%	100%
ABER DART	20	27	15	14	10	14	97	1.37	2.8	86%	88%
ABERELAN	15	17	14	20	22	12	90	1.20	2.3	75%	72%
ABEROSCAR	13	17	16	24	20	11	109	1.28	.	81%	.
ANACONDA	12	42	24	9	12	.	76	1.33	4.1	84%	128%
BAR LP 5129	26	23	10	29	12	.	83	1.88	3.4	118%	106%
BAR LP 7218	24	21	11	28	16	.	76	1.76	3.9	111%	122%
BAR LP 8BTR ESN	12	45	20	10	12	.	89	1.54	3.3	97%	103%
BAR LP BRA	27	14	13	17	16	13	71	1.21	2.6	76%	81%
BARISTRA	25	14	15	18	16	12	79	1.37	2.7	86%	84%
BARMACO	25	13	19	15	17	12	77	1.30	3.2	82%	100%
BARNHEM	13	30	28	13	16	.	73	1.30	3.6	82%	113%
BG 3	24	15	18	15	16	12	75	1.27	3.0	80%	94%
BOOST	14	37	27	8	13	.	114	4.18	3.4	263%	106%
CALIBRA	12	17	11	37	22	.	64	2.36	3.7	148%	116%
CANASTA	25	14	15	16	18	12	86	1.46	3.0	92%	94%
ELGON	20	39	16	8	17	.	77	1.50	3.3	94%	103%
FANDA	20	17	13	19	19	13	91	1.33	3.0	84%	94%
GRAND DADDY	14	35	17	11	11	13	97	1.68	3.4	106%	106%
HERBIE	19	39	19	7	16	.	77	1.50	3.2	94%	100%
MONGITA	23	38	13	8	18	.	78	1.50	3.2	94%	100%
MOY	27	13	15	14	19	12	77	1.30	2.6	82%	81%
POWER	11	36	23	12	18	.	76	2.85	3.0	179%	94%
PSG 47MOL	100	.	.	.	.	.	.	0.04	4.8	3%	150%
PSG AM108	100	.	.	.	.	.	.	0.26	3.8	16%	119%
RESPECT	29	26	11	16	9	9	99	1.72	3.1	108%	97%
TETRAPLUS	22	13	19	16	19	11	82	1.41	2.4	89%	75%
VERANO	10	22	33	15	20	.	74	2.70	3.9	170%	122%
Average	25	25	17	17	15	12	85	1.59	3.2
a intake based on difference between before-graze and after-graze pasture plate measurements
bPALAT.=Palatability rating 0=0% grazed, 1=20%, 2=40%, 3=60%, 4=80%, 5=100% grazed.
Palatability of grasses under grazing is determined by visual estimation of percent defoliation of plots.
The visual determination is made midway during mob grazing by beef cows of the grass plots for intake determination.
KENTUCKY	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Total	Total	Palatabilityb	Relative	Relative
BLUEGRASS	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Period 5	Period 6	Intake	Intake		Intake	Palatability
	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	tons/acre	average	to Average	to Average
	season intakea	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	Trial Mean			Total Intake	Palatability
LATO	27	22	15	22	14	.	66	3.12	2.8	151%	104%
PARK	23	45	9	16	9	.	65	1.28	1.8	62%	67%
THROUGHBLUE	26	23	13	23	15	.	67	2.86	2.8	138%	104%
VB 5649	20	28	40	12	.	.	59	1.00	3.2	48%	119%
Average	24	30	19	18	13	.	64	2.07	2.7
a intake based on difference between before-graze and after-graze pasture plate measurements
bPALAT.=Palatability rating 0=0% grazed, 1=20%, 2=40%, 3=60%, 4=80%, 5=100% grazed.
Palatability of grasses under grazing is determined by visual estimation of percent defoliation of plots.
The visual determination is made midway during mob grazing by beef cows of the grass plots for intake determination.
REED	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Grazing	Total	Total	Palatabilityb	Relative	Relative
CANARYGRASS	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Period 5	Period 6	Intake	Intake		Intake	Palatability
	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	% of	tons/acre	average	to Average	to Average
	season intakea	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	season intake	Trial Mean			Total Intake	Palatability
LARA	27	29	32	12	.	.	100	1.70	3.2	90%	100%
MARATHON	22	21	24	13	15	5	101	2.06	3.1	110%	97%
Average	25	25	28	13	15	5	101	1.88	3.2
a intake based on difference between before-graze and after-graze pasture plate measurements
bPALAT.=Palatability rating 0=0% grazed, 1=20%, 2=40%, 3=60%, 4=80%, 5=100% grazed.
Palatability of grasses under grazing is determined by visual estimation of percent defoliation of plots.
The visual determination is made midway during mob grazing by beef cows of the grass plots for intake determination.